Transcription: Transcription is a process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into messenger RNA or MRNA. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that builds RNA. MRNA is made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide in MRNA is made up of a ribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous bases in MRNA are adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine. Transcription occurs in the nucleus because to make MRNA it requires DNA which stays in the nucleus.
RNA vs. DNA: RNA has ribose sugar, while DNA has deoxyribose sugar. DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded. The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
Splicing: In each strand of RNA there is information that is not needed. Splicing cuts away the unnecessary information. The introns are the information that you don't need. The exons are the kept information.
Translation: Translation is the process of translating the RNA to TRNA then, a sequence of amino acids. TRNA is used to code for specific amino acids. A codon is three MRNA bases. An anticodon is is three TRNA bases. Translation takes place in ribosomes. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid, there are 20 different amino acids. The start codon marks the site for translation to begin, and the stop codon marks the site for translation to end. AUG is the start codon which codes for methionine. UAG, UAA, and UGA are the stop codons. The final product of translation is a string of amino acids, which forms a protein.
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